Sidon

City · c. 1,150–501 BCE · in the Middle East

Capital of Phoenicia (1150 BCE–501 BCE).

Memphis (c. 1,213–1,069 BCE): Capital of New Kingdom of Egypt (1213 BCE–1069 BCE).
Pi-Ramesses (c. 1,279–1,060 BCE): Capital of New Kingdom of Egypt (1279 BCE–1213 BCE).
Nokalakevi (1,001 BCE – 700 CE): Capital of Lazica (63 BCE–545), Kingdom of Lazica (638–700).
Yinxu (Shang capital at Anyang) (c. 1,300–1,046 BCE): Ruins of the late Shang capital near Anyang, the source of most oracle bones and of royal tombs including that of Fu Hao.
Hebron (c. 1,000 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Israel (1000 BCE–930 BCE).
Napata (c. 1,000 BCE – c. 346 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Kush (1000 BCE–346).
Amarna (1,353–1,336 BCE): Capital of New Kingdom of Egypt (1352 BCE–1336 BCE).
Medina (901 BCE): Capital of Rashidun Caliphate (633–656).
Pergamon (801 BCE – 62 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (281 BCE–62), Kingdom of Pergamon (279 BCE–133 BCE).
Tell el Fakhariya (c. 1,500–1,260 BCE): Capital of Mitanni (1500 BCE–1260 BCE).

Around the same time and place

Phoenician alphabet (c. 1,050 BCE): The Phoenicians developed a 22-letter consonantal alphabet that spread through Mediterranean trade and became the ancestor of the Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic scripts.
First Olympic Games (776 BCE): Traditional date of the first Olympic Games at Olympia, a festival for Zeus with athletic contests held every four years until the late 4th century CE.
Iliad (c. 750 BCE): Epic poem attributed to Homer about the Trojan War, generally dated to the 8th century BCE; with the Odyssey, a foundational work of Western literature.
Athenian democracy (508 BCE): The reforms of Cleisthenes in 508/507 BCE created a system in which male citizens voted directly on laws, the earliest well-documented democracy.
Socrates (c. 470 BCE – 399 BCE): Athenian philosopher who examined ethics through questioning dialogue; he was sentenced to death by drinking hemlock in 399 BCE.
Parthenon (447 BCE): Temple of Athena on the Athenian Acropolis, built 447–432 BCE under Pericles; the supreme monument of classical Greek architecture.
Aristotle (384 BCE – 322 BCE): Philosopher and polymath, student of Plato and tutor of Alexander the Great, who founded the Lyceum and wrote on logic, biology, ethics and politics.
Alexander the Great (356 BCE – 323 BCE): King of Macedon who conquered the Persian Empire and reached India, spreading Greek culture across the Near East before dying in Babylon at 32.