Toledo

City · c. 542 CE · in Europe

Capital of Visigothic Kingdom (542–711), Taifa of Toledo (1010–1085).

Wroxeter (c. 540 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Powys (540–1160).
Talgarth (c. 540 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Brycheiniog (540–1045).
Winchester (c. 534 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Wessex (534–927), Kingdom of England (936–1100).
Lincoln (c. 534 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Lindsey (534–625).
Tamworth (c. 534 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Mercia (534–918).
Sambor Prei Kuk (c. 555–706 CE): Capital of Chenla (555–706).
Suyab (c. 555–749 CE): Capital of Göktürk Khaganate (555–586), Türgesh (704–749).
Kannauj (c. 555 CE): Capital of Maukhari Dynasty (555–606), Harsha's Empire (612–655), Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty (800–1036).
Basavakalyan (c. 555 CE): Capital of Chalukya Dynasty (555–756).
Bamburgh (c. 555 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Bernicia (555–633).

Around the same time and place

Trier (16 BCE – 1618 CE): Capital of Electorate of Trier (1333–1618).
Clovis I (c. 466 CE – 511 CE): King who united the Franks, converted to Catholic Christianity and made Paris his capital.
Pavia (c. 500 CE): Capital of Ostrogothic Kingdom (500–553).
Barcelona (c. 507 CE): Capital of Visigothic Kingdom (507–542), Catalonia (1640–1641), Second Spanish Republic (1932–1938).
Pope Gregory I (c. 540 CE – 604 CE): Pope who strengthened papal authority, reorganised church administration and sent missionaries to convert the Anglo-Saxons.
Ravenna mosaics (547 CE): In the apse of San Vitale in Ravenna the emperor Justinian and the empress Theodora stand with their courts in glittering glass and gold. They are the finest surviving mosaics of the early Byzantine age.
Lucca (c. 577 CE): Capital of Duchy of Tuscia (577–586).
Worcester (c. 577 CE): Capital of Hwicce (577–627).