Barcelona

City · c. 507 CE · in Europe

Capital of Visigothic Kingdom (507–542), Catalonia (1640–1641), Second Spanish Republic (1932–1938).

Jabiyah (c. 510–633 CE): Capital of Ghassanids (510–633).
Pavia (c. 500 CE): Capital of Ostrogothic Kingdom (500–553).
Chufut-Kale (500–1490 CE): Capital of Crimean Khanate (1450–1490).
Old Dongola (c. 500–1518 CE): Capital of Makuria (500–1414), Makuria Kingdom (1415–1518).
Carisbrooke (c. 523 CE): Capital of Wihtgar (523–686).
Canterbury (c. 490 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Kent (490–762).
Kyiv (482 CE): Capital of Kievan Rus' (882–1240), Principality of Kiev (1056–1240), Ukrainian People's Republic (1919–1919).
Tournai (c. 481 CE): Capital of Kingdom of the Franks (481–508).
Winchester (c. 534 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Wessex (534–927), Kingdom of England (936–1100).
Lincoln (c. 534 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Lindsey (534–625).

Around the same time and place

Fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 CE): The Germanic general Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus, the last Western Roman emperor, at Ravenna, a date conventionally marking the end of the Western Empire.
Trier (16 BCE – 1618 CE): Capital of Electorate of Trier (1333–1618).
Clovis I (c. 466 CE – 511 CE): King who united the Franks, converted to Catholic Christianity and made Paris his capital.
Soissons (c. 476 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Soissons (476–486), Kingdom of Neustria (724–731).
Toulouse (c. 476 CE): Capital of Visigothic Kingdom (476–507), County of Toulouse (990–1249), Duchy of Aquitaine (990–1439).
Benedict of Nursia (c. 480 CE – 547 CE): Italian monk whose Rule for monasteries became the foundation of Western monasticism; he founded the abbey of Monte Cassino.
Pope Gregory I (c. 540 CE – 604 CE): Pope who strengthened papal authority, reorganised church administration and sent missionaries to convert the Anglo-Saxons.
Toledo (c. 542 CE): Capital of Visigothic Kingdom (542–711), Taifa of Toledo (1010–1085).