Xianyang

City · c. 218–206 BCE · in Central Asia

Capital of Qin Dynasty (218 BCE–209 BCE), Zhai (208 BCE–206 BCE).

Cherchell (c. 212 BCE): Capital of Mauretania (212 BCE–42).
Chang'an (202 BCE): Capital of the Western Han, Sui and Tang dynasties; under the Tang it was one of the largest cities in the world. Modern Xi'an stands on the site.
Carcathiocerta (c. 202 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Sophene (202 BCE–94 BCE).
Arsamosata (c. 202–94 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Sophene (202 BCE–94 BCE).
Ctesiphon (c. 239 BCE – c. 637 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Nisa (c. 239 BCE – c. 224 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Caesarea of Cappadocia (c. 239 BCE – c. 17 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Cappadocia (239 BCE–17).
Hecatompylos (c. 239 BCE – c. 224 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Pyongyang (c. 197 BCE): Capital of Gojoseon (197 BCE–108 BCE), Goguryeo (427–668), Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1948–today), and 1 more.
Balkh (c. 247 BCE): Capital of Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (247 BCE–127 BCE), Sasanian Empire (215–643), Indo-Sasanian Empire (260–357).

Around the same time and place

Qin Shi Huang (259 BCE – 210 BCE): King of Qin who conquered the other Warring States and in 221 BCE became the first emperor of a unified China, standardising script, coinage and measures.
Qin unifies China (221 BCE): With the fall of Qi, the state of Qin completed the conquest of the Warring States and founded the first unified Chinese empire.
Great Wall of China (c. 214 BCE): Qin linked earlier northern walls into a frontier defence against the Xiongnu; later dynasties, especially the Ming, rebuilt and extended the walls.
Terracotta Army (c. 210 BCE): Thousands of life-size clay soldiers and horses buried near the tomb of Qin Shi Huang; discovered by farmers in 1974.
Han dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE): Liu Bang founded the Han dynasty, a formative imperial age whose name became that of the majority Chinese ethnic group.
Zhou dynasty (1,046–256 BCE): The longest-lasting Chinese dynasty, whose rulers claimed the Mandate of Heaven; real power declined after the move east in 771 BCE.
Emperor Wu of Han (156 BCE – 87 BCE): Han emperor whose 54-year reign saw wars against the Xiongnu, expansion into Central Asia, Korea and Vietnam, and state sponsorship of Confucianism.
Warring States period (475–221 BCE): Era of intense warfare among seven major states, marked by bureaucratic reform, iron technology and flourishing philosophy, ended by Qin unification.