Pyongyang

City · c. 197 BCE · in Central Asia

Capital of Gojoseon (197 BCE–108 BCE), Goguryeo (427–668), Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1948–today), and 1 more.

Chang'an (202 BCE): Capital of the Western Han, Sui and Tang dynasties; under the Tang it was one of the largest cities in the world. Modern Xi'an stands on the site.
Carcathiocerta (c. 202 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Sophene (202 BCE–94 BCE).
Arsamosata (c. 202–94 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Sophene (202 BCE–94 BCE).
Sinop (c. 183 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (183 BCE–63 BCE), Beylik of Isfendiyar (1398–1461).
Cherchell (c. 212 BCE): Capital of Mauretania (212 BCE–42).
Xianyang (c. 218–206 BCE): Capital of Qin Dynasty (218 BCE–209 BCE), Zhai (208 BCE–206 BCE).
Ctesiphon (c. 239 BCE – c. 637 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Nisa (c. 239 BCE – c. 224 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Caesarea of Cappadocia (c. 239 BCE – c. 17 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Cappadocia (239 BCE–17).
Hecatompylos (c. 239 BCE – c. 224 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).

Around the same time and place

Great Wall of China (c. 214 BCE): Qin linked earlier northern walls into a frontier defence against the Xiongnu; later dynasties, especially the Ming, rebuilt and extended the walls.
Warring States period (475–221 BCE): Era of intense warfare among seven major states, marked by bureaucratic reform, iron technology and flourishing philosophy, ended by Qin unification.
Yayoi period (c. 300 BCE – c. 300 CE): Era when wet-rice farming and metalworking spread to Japan from the continent; the Yoshinogari site is a major settlement.