Sinop

City · c. 183 BCE · in Europe

Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (183 BCE–63 BCE), Beylik of Isfendiyar (1398–1461).

Pyongyang (c. 197 BCE): Capital of Gojoseon (197 BCE–108 BCE), Goguryeo (427–668), Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1948–today), and 1 more.
Chang'an (202 BCE): Capital of the Western Han, Sui and Tang dynasties; under the Tang it was one of the largest cities in the world. Modern Xi'an stands on the site.
Carcathiocerta (c. 202 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Sophene (202 BCE–94 BCE).
Arsamosata (c. 202–94 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Sophene (202 BCE–94 BCE).
Cherchell (c. 212 BCE): Capital of Mauretania (212 BCE–42).
Xianyang (c. 218–206 BCE): Capital of Qin Dynasty (218 BCE–209 BCE), Zhai (208 BCE–206 BCE).
Ctesiphon (c. 239 BCE – c. 637 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Nisa (c. 239 BCE – c. 224 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Caesarea of Cappadocia (c. 239 BCE – c. 17 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Cappadocia (239 BCE–17).
Hecatompylos (c. 239 BCE – c. 224 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).

Around the same time and place

Winged Victory of Samothrace (c. 190 BCE): Hellenistic marble statue of the goddess Nike alighting on a ship’s prow, found in 1863 at the Sanctuary of the Great Gods on Samothrace; now in the Louvre.
Babylon (2,201 BCE – 1 CE): Capital of Babylonia (1800 BCE–601 BCE), Neo-Babylonian Empire (600 BCE–539 BCE), Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
Pergamon (801 BCE – 62 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (281 BCE–62), Kingdom of Pergamon (279 BCE–133 BCE).
Statue of Zeus at Olympia (c. 435 BCE – c. 425 CE): Giant gold-and-ivory seated statue of Zeus by Phidias in his temple at Olympia, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; lost in the fifth century CE.
Antikythera mechanism (c. 150 BCE): Hand-powered Greek bronze gear device used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses, found in a shipwreck off Antikythera; often called the first analogue computer.
Uplistsikhe (2,001 BCE – 740 CE): Capital of Principality of Iberia (682–740).
Byzantium (c. 667 BCE – c. 329 CE): Greek colony founded by settlers from Megara on the Bosporus; it was refounded by Constantine as Constantinople in 330 CE.
Panticapaeum (601 BCE – 370 CE): Capital of Cimmerian Bosporus (404 BCE–370).