Akhaltsikhe

City · 1200 CE · in Europe

Capital of Samtskhe-Saatabago (1468–1506).

Bytom (1200 CE): Capital of Duchy of Bytom (1285–1304).
Provins (c. 1200 CE): Capital of County of Champagne (1200–1284).
Chelm (c. 1199 CE): Capital of Halych-Volhynia occupation (1199–1240), Principality of Galicia-Volhynia (1202–1240), Galicia-Volhynia (1294–1349).
Lviv (c. 1199 CE): Capital of Halych-Volhynia occupation (1199–1240), Principality of Galicia-Volhynia (1202–1240), Galicia-Volhynia (1294–1349).
Riga (1201 CE): Capital of Republic of Latvia (1920–today).
Vilnius (1201 CE): Capital of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1323–1449), Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1572–1596), Republic of Lithuania (1990–today).
The Hague (1201 CE): Capital of County of Holland (1260–1362), Dutch Republic (1582–1795), Batavian Republic (1796–1806), and 1 more.
Koulikoro (c. 1202 CE): Capital of Sosso Empire (1202–1235).
Banda Aceh (1205 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Aceh (1516–1903).
Dresden (1206 CE): Capital of Electorate of Saxony (1547–1805), Kingdom of Saxony (1806–1808).

Around the same time and place

Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258 CE): The Abbasid dynasty, descended from Muhammad's uncle, took the caliphate from the Umayyads and ruled from Iraq, presiding over the Islamic Golden Age.
Knights Templar (c. 1119–1312 CE): Hugues de Payens and fellow knights founded this military order in Jerusalem around 1119 to protect pilgrims, with headquarters on the Temple Mount. It grew rich and powerful until Pope Clement V dissolved it in 1312 under pressure from Philip IV of France.
Saladin (c. 1137 CE – 1193 CE): Kurdish founder of the Ayyubid dynasty who became sultan of Egypt and Syria, defeated the crusaders at Hattin and retook Jerusalem in 1187.
Sack of Constantinople (1204) (1204 CE): Armies of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople and set up a Latin Empire, permanently weakening Byzantium.
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (1237–1242 CE): Mongol armies under Batu Khan destroyed Ryazan, Vladimir and Kyiv, subjecting the Rus' principalities to Mongol overlordship for over two centuries.
Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).
Khwarazmian Empire (1077–1231 CE): Turko-Persian empire centred on Gurganj in Khwarazm that dominated Central Asia and Iran before its destruction by the Mongols.
Kasimov (1152 CE): Capital of Qasim Khanate (1453–1551).