Provins

City · c. 1200 CE · in Europe

Capital of County of Champagne (1200–1284).

Bytom (1200 CE): Capital of Duchy of Bytom (1285–1304).
Akhaltsikhe (1200 CE): Capital of Samtskhe-Saatabago (1468–1506).
Chelm (c. 1199 CE): Capital of Halych-Volhynia occupation (1199–1240), Principality of Galicia-Volhynia (1202–1240), Galicia-Volhynia (1294–1349).
Lviv (c. 1199 CE): Capital of Halych-Volhynia occupation (1199–1240), Principality of Galicia-Volhynia (1202–1240), Galicia-Volhynia (1294–1349).
Riga (1201 CE): Capital of Republic of Latvia (1920–today).
Vilnius (1201 CE): Capital of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1323–1449), Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1572–1596), Republic of Lithuania (1990–today).
The Hague (1201 CE): Capital of County of Holland (1260–1362), Dutch Republic (1582–1795), Batavian Republic (1796–1806), and 1 more.
Koulikoro (c. 1202 CE): Capital of Sosso Empire (1202–1235).
Banda Aceh (1205 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Aceh (1516–1903).
Dresden (1206 CE): Capital of Electorate of Saxony (1547–1805), Kingdom of Saxony (1806–1808).

Around the same time and place

Magna Carta (1215 CE): Charter agreed by King John at Runnymede that limited royal power and became a foundation of constitutional law in the English-speaking world.
Reconquista (718–1492 CE): Centuries-long series of campaigns by Christian kingdoms to take the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, ending with the fall of Granada in 1492.
University of Paris (c. 1150 CE): Emerging around 1150 from the schools of Notre-Dame, the University of Paris became a leading centre of theology and philosophy in medieval Europe. Its college of the Sorbonne, founded in 1257, gave the university its popular name.
Notre-Dame de Paris (1163 CE): Gothic cathedral on the Île de la Cité, begun in 1163, famous for its flying buttresses, rose windows and sculpture.
Francis of Assisi (c. 1181 CE – 1226 CE): Italian friar who embraced radical poverty and founded the Franciscan Order; one of the most venerated saints of Christianity.
Thomas Aquinas (1225 CE – 1274 CE): Dominican friar and theologian whose Summa Theologica synthesised Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine.
Mongol invasion of Rus’ and Europe (1236–1242 CE): Mongol armies under Batu and Subutai conquered Volga Bulgaria and the Rus’ principalities, destroyed Kiev in 1240, and in 1241 won at Legnica and Mohi, before withdrawing from Central Europe in 1242.
Trier (16 BCE – 1618 CE): Capital of Electorate of Trier (1333–1618).