Vilnius

City · 1201 CE · in Europe

Capital of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1323–1449), Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1572–1596), Republic of Lithuania (1990–today).

Riga (1201 CE): Capital of Republic of Latvia (1920–today).
The Hague (1201 CE): Capital of County of Holland (1260–1362), Dutch Republic (1582–1795), Batavian Republic (1796–1806), and 1 more.
Bytom (1200 CE): Capital of Duchy of Bytom (1285–1304).
Provins (c. 1200 CE): Capital of County of Champagne (1200–1284).
Akhaltsikhe (1200 CE): Capital of Samtskhe-Saatabago (1468–1506).
Koulikoro (c. 1202 CE): Capital of Sosso Empire (1202–1235).
Chelm (c. 1199 CE): Capital of Halych-Volhynia occupation (1199–1240), Principality of Galicia-Volhynia (1202–1240), Galicia-Volhynia (1294–1349).
Lviv (c. 1199 CE): Capital of Halych-Volhynia occupation (1199–1240), Principality of Galicia-Volhynia (1202–1240), Galicia-Volhynia (1294–1349).
Banda Aceh (1205 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Aceh (1516–1903).
Dresden (1206 CE): Capital of Electorate of Saxony (1547–1805), Kingdom of Saxony (1806–1808).

Around the same time and place

Mongol invasion of Rus’ and Europe (1236–1242 CE): Mongol armies under Batu and Subutai conquered Volga Bulgaria and the Rus’ principalities, destroyed Kiev in 1240, and in 1241 won at Legnica and Mohi, before withdrawing from Central Europe in 1242.
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (1237–1242 CE): Mongol armies under Batu Khan destroyed Ryazan, Vladimir and Kyiv, subjecting the Rus' principalities to Mongol overlordship for over two centuries.
Trier (16 BCE – 1618 CE): Capital of Electorate of Trier (1333–1618).
Hildegard of Bingen (1098 CE – 1179 CE): German Benedictine abbess, composer, visionary writer and naturalist, one of the best-known composers of medieval sacred music.
Frederick Barbarossa (c. 1122 CE – 1190 CE): Holy Roman Emperor who fought the Lombard League in Italy and drowned in Anatolia while leading the Third Crusade.
Kasimov (1152 CE): Capital of Qasim Khanate (1453–1551).
Munich (1158 CE): Capital of Duchy of Bavaria (1505–1805), Kingdom of Bavaria (1806–1870).
Opole (c. 1177 CE): Capital of Duchy of Opole (1177–1304).