Chelm

City · c. 1199 CE · in Europe

Capital of Halych-Volhynia occupation (1199–1240), Principality of Galicia-Volhynia (1202–1240), Galicia-Volhynia (1294–1349).

Lviv (c. 1199 CE): Capital of Halych-Volhynia occupation (1199–1240), Principality of Galicia-Volhynia (1202–1240), Galicia-Volhynia (1294–1349).
Bytom (1200 CE): Capital of Duchy of Bytom (1285–1304).
Provins (c. 1200 CE): Capital of County of Champagne (1200–1284).
Akhaltsikhe (1200 CE): Capital of Samtskhe-Saatabago (1468–1506).
Riga (1201 CE): Capital of Republic of Latvia (1920–today).
Vilnius (1201 CE): Capital of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1323–1449), Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1572–1596), Republic of Lithuania (1990–today).
The Hague (1201 CE): Capital of County of Holland (1260–1362), Dutch Republic (1582–1795), Batavian Republic (1796–1806), and 1 more.
Koulikoro (c. 1202 CE): Capital of Sosso Empire (1202–1235).
Banda Aceh (1205 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Aceh (1516–1903).
Nicosia (c. 1192 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Cyprus (1192–1489), Republic of Cyprus (1961–today).

Around the same time and place

Francis of Assisi (c. 1181 CE – 1226 CE): Italian friar who embraced radical poverty and founded the Franciscan Order; one of the most venerated saints of Christianity.
Sack of Constantinople (1204) (1204 CE): Armies of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople and set up a Latin Empire, permanently weakening Byzantium.
Thomas Aquinas (1225 CE – 1274 CE): Dominican friar and theologian whose Summa Theologica synthesised Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine.
Mongol invasion of Rus’ and Europe (1236–1242 CE): Mongol armies under Batu and Subutai conquered Volga Bulgaria and the Rus’ principalities, destroyed Kiev in 1240, and in 1241 won at Legnica and Mohi, before withdrawing from Central Europe in 1242.
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (1237–1242 CE): Mongol armies under Batu Khan destroyed Ryazan, Vladimir and Kyiv, subjecting the Rus' principalities to Mongol overlordship for over two centuries.
Trier (16 BCE – 1618 CE): Capital of Electorate of Trier (1333–1618).
Hildegard of Bingen (1098 CE – 1179 CE): German Benedictine abbess, composer, visionary writer and naturalist, one of the best-known composers of medieval sacred music.
Frederick Barbarossa (c. 1122 CE – 1190 CE): Holy Roman Emperor who fought the Lombard League in Italy and drowned in Anatolia while leading the Third Crusade.