Alexandria on the Caucasus

City · c. 126 BCE – c. 10 CE · in Europe

Capital of Indo-Greeks (126 BCE–10).

Related

• Zafar (c. 110 BCE – c. 525 CE): Capital of Himyarite Kingdom (110 BCE–525).
• Vienna (101 BCE): Capital of Holy Roman Empire (1497–1806), Holy Roman Empire Minor States (1497–1806), Austrian Empire (1806–1867), and 3 more.
• Worms (101 BCE): Capital of Burgundian Kingdom (414–437).
• Pamplona (74 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Navarre (1162–1428).
• Sinop (c. 183 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (183 BCE–63 BCE), Beylik of Isfendiyar (1398–1461).
• Erbil (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Adiabene (63 BCE–370).
• Mtskheta (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533).
• Tbilisi (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533), Principality of Iberia (682–740), Kingdom of Georgia (1122–1466), and 1 more.
• Samosata (c. 63 BCE – c. 72 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Commagene (63 BCE–72).
• Armaztsikhe (c. 63 BCE – c. 533 CE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533).

Around the same time and place

• Silk Road (c. 130 BCE – c. 1450 CE): A network of overland caravan routes linking China with Central Asia, Persia and the Mediterranean, along which silk, spices, horses, religions, technologies and diseases travelled for more than 1,500 years.
• Kushan Empire (c. 30–375 CE): Empire founded by Kujula Kadphises around 30 CE that united Bactria, Gandhara and northern India, linking Rome, Parthia and Han China through trade.
• Ujjain (c. 600 BCE – c. 405 CE): Capital of Janapada of Avanti (600 BCE–405 BCE), Western Satraps (43–405).
• Sogdians (c. 500 BCE – c. 900 CE): Iranian people of the Zeravshan valley around Samarkand and Bukhara whose merchants dominated trade along the Silk Roads, especially between the 4th and 8th centuries.
• Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (c. 256–120 BCE): Hellenistic kingdom established when the satrap Diodotus broke away from the Seleucid Empire around 256 BCE, centred on Bactra (Balkh).
• Zhang Qian’s mission to the Western Regions (c. 138–126 BCE): Sent by Emperor Wu of Han to seek allies against the Xiongnu, Zhang Qian was held captive for about ten years before reaching Ferghana and Bactria. His reports opened Han contacts with Central Asia and the Silk Road.
• Saka (c. 700 BCE – c. 100 CE): Iranian-speaking nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppe, related to the Scythians, who later migrated into Bactria and north-western India.
• Ai-Khanoum (c. 280–145 BCE): Hellenistic city on the Oxus in northern Afghanistan with a theatre, gymnasium and Greek inscriptions; it was destroyed around 145 BCE.

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