Mtskheta

City · c. 63 BCE · in Europe

Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533).

Erbil (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Adiabene (63 BCE–370).
Tbilisi (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533), Principality of Iberia (682–740), Kingdom of Georgia (1122–1466), and 1 more.
Samosata (c. 63 BCE – c. 72 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Commagene (63 BCE–72).
Armaztsikhe (c. 63 BCE – c. 533 CE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533).
Pamplona (74 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Navarre (1162–1428).
Jolbon (c. 36 BCE): Capital of Goguryeo (36 BCE–3).
León (29 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Galicia (911–1111), Kingdom of León (911–1235).
Vienna (101 BCE): Capital of Holy Roman Empire (1497–1806), Holy Roman Empire Minor States (1497–1806), Austrian Empire (1806–1867), and 3 more.
Worms (101 BCE): Capital of Burgundian Kingdom (414–437).
Zafar (c. 110 BCE – c. 525 CE): Capital of Himyarite Kingdom (110 BCE–525).

Around the same time and place

Uruk (c. 5,000 BCE – c. 700 CE): Sumerian city on the Euphrates that by about 3100 BCE was probably the largest city in the world, centre of the first urban civilization.
Babylon (2,201 BCE – 1 CE): Capital of Babylonia (1800 BCE–601 BCE), Neo-Babylonian Empire (600 BCE–539 BCE), Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
Ctesiphon (c. 239 BCE – c. 637 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Battle of Carrhae (53 BCE): A Parthian army of horse archers and armoured cavalry destroyed a Roman army under Marcus Licinius Crassus near Harran, one of Rome's worst defeats.
Anshan Persia (4,000 BCE – 675 CE): Capital of Elam (2700 BCE–601 BCE).
Uplistsikhe (2,001 BCE – 740 CE): Capital of Principality of Iberia (682–740).
Byzantium (c. 667 BCE – c. 329 CE): Greek colony founded by settlers from Megara on the Bosporus; it was refounded by Constantine as Constantinople in 330 CE.
Panticapaeum (601 BCE – 370 CE): Capital of Cimmerian Bosporus (404 BCE–370).