Samosata

City · c. 63 BCE – c. 72 CE · in Europe

Capital of Kingdom of Commagene (63 BCE–72).

Erbil (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Adiabene (63 BCE–370).
Mtskheta (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533).
Tbilisi (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533), Principality of Iberia (682–740), Kingdom of Georgia (1122–1466), and 1 more.
Armaztsikhe (c. 63 BCE – c. 533 CE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533).
Pamplona (74 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Navarre (1162–1428).
Jolbon (c. 36 BCE): Capital of Goguryeo (36 BCE–3).
León (29 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Galicia (911–1111), Kingdom of León (911–1235).
Vienna (101 BCE): Capital of Holy Roman Empire (1497–1806), Holy Roman Empire Minor States (1497–1806), Austrian Empire (1806–1867), and 3 more.
Worms (101 BCE): Capital of Burgundian Kingdom (414–437).
Zafar (c. 110 BCE – c. 525 CE): Capital of Himyarite Kingdom (110 BCE–525).

Around the same time and place

Cleopatra (69 BCE – 30 BCE): The last active ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt, she allied with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony; her death after defeat by Octavian ended the dynasty and Egypt became a Roman province.
Jesus (c. 4 BCE – 30 CE): A Jewish preacher from Galilee whose teachings and crucifixion in Jerusalem under Pontius Pilate became the foundation of Christianity.
Uruk (c. 5,000 BCE – c. 700 CE): Sumerian city on the Euphrates that by about 3100 BCE was probably the largest city in the world, centre of the first urban civilization.
Paul the Apostle (c. 5 CE – 64 CE): A Jewish-born missionary from Tarsus whose journeys and letters spread Christianity among non-Jews across the eastern Roman Empire.
Crucifixion of Jesus (c. 30 CE): Jesus was executed by the Roman authorities in Jerusalem; belief in his resurrection became the central tenet of the Christian faith.
Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE) (70 CE): Roman forces under Titus captured Jerusalem and destroyed the Second Temple, a defining event in Jewish history.
Babylon (2,201 BCE – 1 CE): Capital of Babylonia (1800 BCE–601 BCE), Neo-Babylonian Empire (600 BCE–539 BCE), Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
Pergamon (801 BCE – 62 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (281 BCE–62), Kingdom of Pergamon (279 BCE–133 BCE).