León

City · 29 BCE · in Europe

Capital of Kingdom of Galicia (911–1111), Kingdom of León (911–1235).

Jolbon (c. 36 BCE): Capital of Goguryeo (36 BCE–3).
Trier (16 BCE – 1618 CE): Capital of Electorate of Trier (1333–1618).
Kabalaka (c. 2 BCE – c. 461 CE): Capital of Caucasian Albania (2 BCE–461).
Gungnae (c. 3–427 CE): Capital of Goguryeo (3–427).
Erbil (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Adiabene (63 BCE–370).
Mtskheta (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533).
Tbilisi (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533), Principality of Iberia (682–740), Kingdom of Georgia (1122–1466), and 1 more.
Samosata (c. 63 BCE – c. 72 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Commagene (63 BCE–72).
Armaztsikhe (c. 63 BCE – c. 533 CE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533).
Pamplona (74 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Navarre (1162–1428).

Around the same time and place

Julius Caesar (100 BCE – 44 BCE): Roman general and statesman who conquered Gaul, won a civil war and became dictator; his assassination led to the end of the Republic.
Augustus (63 BCE – 14 CE): First Roman emperor, who ended the civil wars and ushered in the Pax Romana, a long period of relative peace.
Beginning of the Roman Empire (27 BCE): The Senate granted Octavian the title Augustus, conventionally marking the start of the Roman Empire, which came to rule the whole Mediterranean.
La Tène culture (c. 450–50 BCE): Iron Age Celtic culture named after a site on Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland, known for its flowing curvilinear art; it spread across much of Europe.
Caesar’s Gallic Wars (58–50 BCE): Julius Caesar conquered Gaul in a series of campaigns, bridged the Rhine, twice crossed to Britain, and crushed the revolt of Vercingetorix at Alesia in 52 BCE.
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (9 CE): Germanic tribes led by Arminius destroyed three Roman legions under Varus, halting Roman expansion east of the Rhine.
Etruscan civilization (c. 900–27 BCE): Civilization of ancient Etruria in central Italy, organised in city-states, which strongly influenced early Rome before being absorbed by it.
Cicero (106 BCE – 43 BCE): Roman statesman, lawyer and orator whose speeches, letters and philosophical works became models of Latin prose.