Bonn

City · c. 1950 CE · in Europe

Capital of Federal Republic of Germany (1950–1990), Federated Republic of Germany (1991–1999).

Related

• East Berlin (1949–1990 CE): Capital of German Democratic Republic (1949–1990).
• Thimphu (c. 1949 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Bhutan (1949–today).
• Amman (c. 1947 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Jordan (1947–today).
• Benghazi (c. 1953 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Libya (1953–1968).
• Khartoum (c. 1956 CE): Capital of Republic of Sudan (1956–today).
• Accra (c. 1958 CE): Capital of Ghana (1958–today).
• Rawalpindi (c. 1959 CE): Capital of Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1959–1967).
• Vichy (c. 1940 CE): Capital of Vichy France (1940–1943).
• Brasília (1960 CE): Planned capital of Brazil built in the interior, with a plan by Lúcio Costa and modernist buildings by Oscar Niemeyer; inaugurated in 1960.
• Dakar (c. 1960 CE): Capital of Mali Federation (1960–1960), Republic of Senegal (1961–today).

Around the same time and place

• Albert Einstein (1879 CE – 1955 CE): German-born theoretical physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and explained the photoelectric effect, for which he won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.
• Adolf Hitler (1889 CE – 1945 CE): Austrian-born dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. He started World War II in Europe and bears chief responsibility for the Holocaust. He died by suicide in Berlin.
• Einstein's special relativity (1905 CE): In 1905, while working at the patent office in Bern, Albert Einstein published his theory of special relativity and, in a follow-up paper, E = mc². It transformed ideas of space and time.
• World War I (1914–1918 CE): A global war from 1914 to 1918 between the Allies and the Central Powers, fought largely in trenches on Europe's Western and Eastern Fronts. Around 9 million soldiers died, and four empires collapsed.
• Penicillin (1928 CE): In 1928 Alexander Fleming at St Mary's Hospital in London noticed that a Penicillium mould killed bacteria. Developed into a drug in the 1940s, penicillin became the first widely used antibiotic.
• World War II in Europe (1939–1945 CE): The European theatre of the deadliest war in history, from Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 to its surrender in May 1945. Tens of millions died, including six million Jews in the Holocaust.
• Auschwitz concentration camp (1940–1945 CE): The largest Nazi concentration and extermination camp, built in occupied Poland. About 1.1 million people, the great majority of them Jews, were murdered there before its liberation in January 1945.
• D-Day (Normandy landings) (1944 CE): On 6 June 1944 Allied forces landed on five beaches in Normandy, the largest seaborne invasion in history. It opened the Western Front and led to the liberation of France.

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