Amman

City · c. 1947 CE · in the Middle East

Capital of Kingdom of Jordan (1947–today).

Related

• East Berlin (1949–1990 CE): Capital of German Democratic Republic (1949–1990).
• Thimphu (c. 1949 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Bhutan (1949–today).
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• Brasília (1960 CE): Planned capital of Brazil built in the interior, with a plan by Lúcio Costa and modernist buildings by Oscar Niemeyer; inaugurated in 1960.

Around the same time and place

• Declaration of the State of Israel (1948 CE): David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the State of Israel in Tel Aviv on 14 May 1948 as the British Mandate ended, followed by war with neighbouring Arab states.
• Iranian Revolution (1978–1979 CE): Mass protests overthrew Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and Ruhollah Khomeini returned from exile to found the Islamic Republic of Iran.
• Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 CE – 1938 CE): Founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, who led the War of Independence and carried out sweeping secularizing and westernizing reforms.
• Oil struck at Masjed Soleyman (1908 CE): Prospectors financed by William Knox D'Arcy struck oil at Masjed Soleyman, the first major oil discovery in the Middle East, leading to the Anglo-Persian Oil Company.
• Armenian genocide (1915–1917 CE): During World War I the Ottoman government carried out mass killings and deportations of Armenians, killing an estimated 600,000 to 1.5 million; most historians call it genocide, which Turkey disputes.
• Discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb (1922 CE): Howard Carter's excavation revealed the nearly intact tomb of Tutankhamun (KV62) in the Valley of the Kings, with its gold burial mask and thousands of objects.
• End of the Ottoman Empire (1922 CE): The Ottoman sultanate was abolished in 1922 and the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed in Ankara in 1923; the caliphate was abolished in 1924.
• Palestinian exodus of 1948 (1947–1949 CE): About 700,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from their homes during the 1947–1949 war, an event Palestinians call the Nakba ('catastrophe').

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