Chengdu

City · 311 BCE · in Central Asia

Capital of Shu Han (224–262), Cheng Han (306–346), Former Shu (911–925), and 1 more.

Thessaloniki (315 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Thessalonica (1206–1224), Empire of Thessalonica (1236–1246).
Ardabil (c. 307 BCE): Capital of Atropatene (307 BCE–165 BCE).
Ganzak (c. 307–165 BCE): Capital of Atropatene (307 BCE–165 BCE).
Seleucia (305 BCE – 165 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Edessa (302 BCE – 1150 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Osroene (63 BCE–214), County of Edessa (1099–1150).
Kutaisi (301 BCE): Capital of Colchis (301 BCE–231 BCE), Kingdom of Georgia (1010–1122), Kingdom of Imereti (1468–1810).
Paris (301 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of the Franks (508–768), Merovingian Empire (710–717), Carolingian Empire (718–723), and 11 more.
Amaravathi (301 BCE): Capital of Satavahana Dynasty (225 BCE–220).
Artashat (c. 326 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Armenia (326 BCE–428).
Van (c. 326 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Armenia (326 BCE–428), Kingdom of Vaspurakan (911–1021).

Around the same time and place

Zhou dynasty (1,046–256 BCE): The longest-lasting Chinese dynasty, whose rulers claimed the Mandate of Heaven; real power declined after the move east in 771 BCE.
Dong Son culture (c. 1,000 BCE – c. 100 CE): Bronze Age culture of northern Vietnam's Red River valley, famous for large decorated bronze drums traded widely across Southeast Asia.
Warring States period (475–221 BCE): Era of intense warfare among seven major states, marked by bureaucratic reform, iron technology and flourishing philosophy, ended by Qin unification.
Mencius (c. 372 BCE – 289 BCE): Confucian philosopher who argued that human nature is inherently good; revered as the "Second Sage" after Confucius.
Plain of Jars (c. 500 BCE – c. 500 CE): Thousands of large stone jars scattered across the Xiangkhoang Plateau in Laos, associated with Iron Age mortuary practices.
Shang Yang (c. 390 BCE – 338 BCE): Legalist statesman whose reforms of law, land and army in the state of Qin laid the groundwork for its later conquest of China.
Qu Yuan (c. 340 BCE – 278 BCE): Poet and minister of the state of Chu, traditional author of works in the Chu Ci; the Dragon Boat Festival is associated with his drowning in the Miluo River.
Ying (c. 701–224 BCE): Capital of Chu (701 BCE–224 BCE).