Edessa

City · 302 BCE – 1150 CE · in Europe

Capital of Kingdom of Osroene (63 BCE–214), County of Edessa (1099–1150).

Related

• Kutaisi (301 BCE): Capital of Colchis (301 BCE–231 BCE), Kingdom of Georgia (1010–1122), Kingdom of Imereti (1468–1810).
• Paris (301 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of the Franks (508–768), Merovingian Empire (710–717), Carolingian Empire (718–723), and 11 more.
• Amaravathi (301 BCE): Capital of Satavahana Dynasty (225 BCE–220).
• Seleucia (305 BCE – 165 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
• Ardabil (c. 307 BCE): Capital of Atropatene (307 BCE–165 BCE).
• Ganzak (c. 307–165 BCE): Capital of Atropatene (307 BCE–165 BCE).
• Chengdu (311 BCE): Capital of Shu Han (224–262), Cheng Han (306–346), Former Shu (911–925), and 1 more.
• Thessaloniki (315 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Thessalonica (1206–1224), Empire of Thessalonica (1236–1246).
• Amasya (c. 281 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (281 BCE–183 BCE).
• Aigio (c. 279 BCE): Capital of Achaean League (279 BCE–146 BCE).

Around the same time and place

• Iliad (c. 750 BCE): Epic poem attributed to Homer about the Trojan War, generally dated to the 8th century BCE; with the Odyssey, a foundational work of Western literature.
• Athenian democracy (508 BCE): The reforms of Cleisthenes in 508/507 BCE created a system in which male citizens voted directly on laws, the earliest well-documented democracy.
• Socrates (c. 470 BCE – 399 BCE): Athenian philosopher who examined ethics through questioning dialogue; he was sentenced to death by drinking hemlock in 399 BCE.
• Parthenon (447 BCE): Temple of Athena on the Athenian Acropolis, built 447–432 BCE under Pericles; the supreme monument of classical Greek architecture.
• Aristotle (384 BCE – 322 BCE): Philosopher and polymath, student of Plato and tutor of Alexander the Great, who founded the Lyceum and wrote on logic, biology, ethics and politics.
• Alexander the Great (356 BCE – 323 BCE): King of Macedon who conquered the Persian Empire and reached India, spreading Greek culture across the Near East before dying in Babylon at 32.
• Campaigns of Alexander the Great (334–323 BCE): Alexander of Macedon crossed into Asia in 334 BCE, defeated Darius III at Issus and Gaugamela, conquered Egypt and the Persian Empire, and campaigned as far as the Indus valley before dying in Babylon in 323 BCE.
• Cleopatra (69 BCE – 30 BCE): The last active ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt, she allied with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony; her death after defeat by Octavian ended the dynasty and Egypt became a Roman province.

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