Paris

City · 301 BCE · in Europe

Capital of Kingdom of the Franks (508–768), Merovingian Empire (710–717), Carolingian Empire (718–723), and 11 more.

Kutaisi (301 BCE): Capital of Colchis (301 BCE–231 BCE), Kingdom of Georgia (1010–1122), Kingdom of Imereti (1468–1810).
Amaravathi (301 BCE): Capital of Satavahana Dynasty (225 BCE–220).
Edessa (302 BCE – 1150 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Osroene (63 BCE–214), County of Edessa (1099–1150).
Seleucia (305 BCE – 165 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Ardabil (c. 307 BCE): Capital of Atropatene (307 BCE–165 BCE).
Ganzak (c. 307–165 BCE): Capital of Atropatene (307 BCE–165 BCE).
Chengdu (311 BCE): Capital of Shu Han (224–262), Cheng Han (306–346), Former Shu (911–925), and 1 more.
Thessaloniki (315 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Thessalonica (1206–1224), Empire of Thessalonica (1236–1246).
Amasya (c. 281 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (281 BCE–183 BCE).
Aigio (c. 279 BCE): Capital of Achaean League (279 BCE–146 BCE).

Around the same time and place

Carthage (c. 814–146 BCE): Traditionally founded by Phoenician settlers from Tyre, Carthage grew into the capital of a maritime empire that dominated the western Mediterranean until Rome destroyed it.
La Tène culture (c. 450–50 BCE): Iron Age Celtic culture named after a site on Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland, known for its flowing curvilinear art; it spread across much of Europe.
Punic Wars (264–146 BCE): Three wars between Rome and Carthage for control of the western Mediterranean ended with Rome's destruction of Carthage in 146 BCE.
Etruscan civilization (c. 900–27 BCE): Civilization of ancient Etruria in central Italy, organised in city-states, which strongly influenced early Rome before being absorbed by it.
Pytheas’s voyage to Britain and the far north (c. 325–320 BCE): The Greek navigator Pytheas of Massalia sailed out of the Mediterranean and around Britain, describing tin trading in Cornwall and a land called Thule six days north of Britain. His own book is lost and known only from later authors.
Via Appia (312 BCE): Begun in 312 BCE by the censor Appius Claudius Caecus, the Appian Way linked Rome with Capua and was later extended to Brundisium (Brindisi), the port for Greece and the East.
Nuragic civilization (c. 1,800–238 BCE): Bronze and Iron Age civilization of Sardinia, named after its thousands of stone tower-fortresses called nuraghi.