Aigio

City · c. 279 BCE · in Europe

Capital of Achaean League (279 BCE–146 BCE).

Amasya (c. 281 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (281 BCE–183 BCE).
Kutaisi (301 BCE): Capital of Colchis (301 BCE–231 BCE), Kingdom of Georgia (1010–1122), Kingdom of Imereti (1468–1810).
Paris (301 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of the Franks (508–768), Merovingian Empire (710–717), Carolingian Empire (718–723), and 11 more.
Amaravathi (301 BCE): Capital of Satavahana Dynasty (225 BCE–220).
Edessa (302 BCE – 1150 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Osroene (63 BCE–214), County of Edessa (1099–1150).
Co Loa Citadel (c. 256 BCE – c. 965 CE): Capital of Âu Lac (256 BCE–207 BCE), Ngô Dynasty (947–965).
Seleucia (305 BCE – 165 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Ardabil (c. 307 BCE): Capital of Atropatene (307 BCE–165 BCE).
Ganzak (c. 307–165 BCE): Capital of Atropatene (307 BCE–165 BCE).
Chengdu (311 BCE): Capital of Shu Han (224–262), Cheng Han (306–346), Former Shu (911–925), and 1 more.

Around the same time and place

Aristotle (384 BCE – 322 BCE): Philosopher and polymath, student of Plato and tutor of Alexander the Great, who founded the Lyceum and wrote on logic, biology, ethics and politics.
Alexander the Great (356 BCE – 323 BCE): King of Macedon who conquered the Persian Empire and reached India, spreading Greek culture across the Near East before dying in Babylon at 32.
Carthage (c. 814–146 BCE): Traditionally founded by Phoenician settlers from Tyre, Carthage grew into the capital of a maritime empire that dominated the western Mediterranean until Rome destroyed it.
Euclid's Elements (c. 300 BCE): Euclid of Alexandria compiled the Elements, a 13-book treatise on geometry and number theory that remained the standard mathematics textbook for over two thousand years.
Archimedes (c. 287 BCE – 212 BCE): Mathematician and engineer of Syracuse who approximated pi, formulated the principle of buoyancy and the law of the lever; killed when the Romans took the city.
Library of Alexandria (c. 285 BCE): Founded under the early Ptolemies, it became the most famous library of the ancient world and a centre of scholarship for the whole Mediterranean.
Punic Wars (264–146 BCE): Three wars between Rome and Carthage for control of the western Mediterranean ended with Rome's destruction of Carthage in 146 BCE.
Hannibal (c. 247 BCE – 183 BCE): Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with war elephants in the Second Punic War and inflicted major defeats on Rome, notably at Cannae in 216 BCE.