Diyarbakir

City · c. 1407 CE · in Europe

Capital of Aq Qoyunlu (1407–1468).

Iasi (1408 CE): Capital of Principality of Moldavia (1564–1858), United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (1859–1862).
Shuntian Fu (1403–1914 CE): Capital of Ming Dynasty (1421–1644), Qing Dynasty (1645–1911).
Uppsala (c. 1402 CE): Capital of Kalmar Union (1402–1436).
Roskilde (c. 1402 CE): Capital of Kalmar Union (1402–1443).
Belgrade (c. 1402 CE): Capital of Serbian Despots (1402–1421), Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1884), Yugoslavia (1919–1945), and 2 more.
Jambi (1401 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Jambi (1670–1904).
Malacca (1396 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Malacca (1459–1511).
Cirebon (1389 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Cirebon (1482–1676).
Bidar (c. 1425 CE): Capital of Bahmani Sultanate (1425–1491), Bidar Sultanate (1527–1618).
Suceava (1388 CE): Capital of Principality of Moldavia (1388–1564).

Around the same time and place

Fall of Constantinople (1453 CE): Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire; the city became the Ottoman capital.
Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).
Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517 CE): Mamluk slave-soldiers seized power in Egypt, founding a sultanate that ruled Egypt and Syria until the Ottoman conquest.
Janissaries (c. 1363–1826 CE): Sultan Murad I created the Janissaries around 1363 as an elite Ottoman infantry corps, later filled through the devshirme levy of Christian boys. They grew into a powerful political force until Mahmud II abolished the corps in 1826.
Mehmed II (1432 CE – 1481 CE): Ottoman sultan, born in Edirne, who conquered Constantinople in 1453 and expanded the empire across the Balkans and Anatolia.
Chisinau (1436 CE): Capital of Republic of Moldova (1992–today).
Ecbatana (c. 550 BCE – c. 1800 CE): Capital of Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
Chufut-Kale (500–1490 CE): Capital of Crimean Khanate (1450–1490).