Fort Christina

City · 1638 CE · in North America

Capital of New Sweden (1640–1655).

Ulaanbaatar (1639 CE): Capital of Mongolian People's Republic (1926–1991), Mongolia (1992–today).
Abéché (c. 1636 CE): Capital of Wadai Empire (1636–1909).
Willemstad (1634 CE): Capital of Netherlands Antilles (1954–2010).
Yining (c. 1634 CE): Capital of Dzungar Khanate (1634–1756).
Kilkenny (c. 1642 CE): Capital of Irish Catholic Confederation (1642–1652).
Bridgetown (1628 CE): Capital of Barbados (1967–today).
Old Delhi (1648 CE): Capital of Mughal Empire (1648–1857).
Basseterre (1627 CE): Capital of Saint Kitts (1967–today).
St. George's (1650 CE): Capital of Grenada (1976–today).
Castries (1650 CE): Capital of Saint Lucia (1979–today).

Around the same time and place

Jamestown (1607–1699 CE): First permanent English settlement in the Americas, founded by the Virginia Company; capital of Virginia until 1699.
Quebec City (1608 CE): Founded by Samuel de Champlain on the St. Lawrence River, it became the capital of New France.
Voyage of the Mayflower (1620 CE): The Mayflower carried 102 passengers, including the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England, to Cape Cod; they signed the Mayflower Compact and founded Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts.
New York City (1624 CE): Founded as the Dutch trading post New Amsterdam on Manhattan, renamed New York after the English took it in 1664; became the largest city in the United States.
Mississippian culture (c. 800–1600 CE): Mound-building maize-farming culture of the Midwest and Southeast, organized into chiefdoms around towns such as Cahokia and Moundville.
Richmond (1607 CE): Capital of Confederate States of America (1861–1865).
Samuel de Champlain’s explorations in New France (1608–1616 CE): Champlain founded Quebec in 1608, reached the lake that bears his name in 1609 and in 1615 travelled up the Ottawa River to the Huron country on Georgian Bay, joining a Huron raid against the Iroquois south of Lake Ontario.
Henry Hudson’s voyage on the Half Moon (1609 CE): Sailing for the Dutch East India Company, Hudson turned back from the Arctic off Norway and crossed to North America, where he explored the coast and sailed up the river later named after him as far as present-day Albany.