Ulaanbaatar

City · 1639 CE · in Central Asia

Capital of Mongolian People's Republic (1926–1991), Mongolia (1992–today).

Fort Christina (1638 CE): Capital of New Sweden (1640–1655).
Abéché (c. 1636 CE): Capital of Wadai Empire (1636–1909).
Kilkenny (c. 1642 CE): Capital of Irish Catholic Confederation (1642–1652).
Willemstad (1634 CE): Capital of Netherlands Antilles (1954–2010).
Yining (c. 1634 CE): Capital of Dzungar Khanate (1634–1756).
Old Delhi (1648 CE): Capital of Mughal Empire (1648–1857).
Bridgetown (1628 CE): Capital of Barbados (1967–today).
St. George's (1650 CE): Capital of Grenada (1976–today).
Castries (1650 CE): Capital of Saint Lucia (1979–today).
Basseterre (1627 CE): Capital of Saint Kitts (1967–today).

Around the same time and place

Qing dynasty (1636–1912 CE): Hong Taiji proclaimed the Qing dynasty at Mukden; the Manchu dynasty ruled China from 1644 until 1912.
Matteo Ricci (1552 CE – 1610 CE): Italian Jesuit who settled in Beijing, introduced European science and maps to China and adapted Christianity to Chinese culture.
Shenyang (c. 1625 CE): Capital of Later Jin Dynasty (1625–1636).
Kangxi Emperor (1654 CE – 1722 CE): Qing emperor whose 61-year reign consolidated Manchu rule and expanded the empire.
Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689 CE): First treaty between Russia and Qing China, fixing their border along the Argun River and Stanovoy Mountains.
Nurhaci (1559 CE – 1626 CE): Jurchen chieftain who unified the Jurchen tribes, created the Eight Banners and founded the Later Jin.
Shuntian Fu (1403–1914 CE): Capital of Ming Dynasty (1421–1644), Qing Dynasty (1645–1911).