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City · c. 43 CE · in Europe

Capital of Kushan Empire (43–237), Eastern Kushans (238–346), Western Kushans (238–259).

York (71 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Deira (534–633).
Gungnae (c. 3–427 CE): Capital of Goguryeo (3–427).
Kabalaka (c. 2 BCE – c. 461 CE): Capital of Caucasian Albania (2 BCE–461).
Frankfurt (100 CE): Capital of East Franks (850–910), Confederation of the Rhine (1809–1813), German Confederation (1815–1863).
Trier (16 BCE – 1618 CE): Capital of Electorate of Trier (1333–1618).
León (29 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Galicia (911–1111), Kingdom of León (911–1235).
Jolbon (c. 36 BCE): Capital of Goguryeo (36 BCE–3).
Edirne (125 CE): Capital of Ottoman Empire (1365–1453).
Erbil (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Adiabene (63 BCE–370).
Mtskheta (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533).

Around the same time and place

Silk Road (c. 130 BCE – c. 1450 CE): A network of overland caravan routes linking China with Central Asia, Persia and the Mediterranean, along which silk, spices, horses, religions, technologies and diseases travelled for more than 1,500 years.
Kushan Empire (c. 30–375 CE): Empire founded by Kujula Kadphises around 30 CE that united Bactria, Gandhara and northern India, linking Rome, Parthia and Han China through trade.
Ujjain (c. 600 BCE – c. 405 CE): Capital of Janapada of Avanti (600 BCE–405 BCE), Western Satraps (43–405).
Sogdians (c. 500 BCE – c. 900 CE): Iranian people of the Zeravshan valley around Samarkand and Bukhara whose merchants dominated trade along the Silk Roads, especially between the 4th and 8th centuries.
Saka (c. 700 BCE – c. 100 CE): Iranian-speaking nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppe, related to the Scythians, who later migrated into Bactria and north-western India.
Nisa (c. 239 BCE – c. 224 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Hecatompylos (c. 239 BCE – c. 224 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Alexandria on the Caucasus (c. 126 BCE – c. 10 CE): Capital of Indo-Greeks (126 BCE–10).