Ganghwa Island

City · c. 1232 CE · in Central Asia

Capital of Goryeo (1232–1270).

Kosice (1230 CE): Capital of Principality of Upper Hungary (1683–1685).
Foix (c. 1236 CE): Capital of County of Foix (1236–1555).
Tlemcen (c. 1236 CE): Capital of Zayyanid dynasty (1236–1555).
Madrid (c. 1236 CE): Capital of Crown of Castile (1236–1515), Kingdom of Spain (1516–today), Pro-Habsburg Spain (1702–1708), and 3 more.
Tunis (c. 1236 CE): Capital of Hafsid Dynasty (1236–1571), Beylik of Tunis (1706–1881), Republic of Tunisia (1956–today).
Dambadeniya (c. 1236–1293 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Dambadeniya (1236–1293).
Malang (c. 1227 CE): Capital of Singhasari (1227–1292).
Jelgava (1226 CE): Capital of Duchy of Courland (1734–1793).
Arras (c. 1241 CE): Capital of County of Artois (1241–1332).
Sukhothai Historical Park (c. 1241 CE): Capital of Sukhothai Kingdom (1241–1438).

Around the same time and place

Marco Polo’s journey to China (1271–1275 CE): The Venetian merchant Marco Polo, with his father and uncle, travelled from Acre across Persia, the Pamirs and the Tarim Basin to the court of Kublai Khan. His book of travels shaped European ideas of Asia for centuries.
Goryeo (918–1392 CE): Dynasty founded by Wang Geon with its capital at Kaesong; the name Korea derives from it.
Song dynasty (960–1279 CE): Founded by Zhao Kuangyin with its capital at Kaifeng, the Song saw a commercial revolution, paper money and advances in printing and science.
Kamakura shogunate (1192–1333 CE): First military government of Japan, based at Kamakura.
Kublai Khan (1215 CE – 1294 CE): Grandson of Genghis Khan who founded the Yuan dynasty and completed the Mongol conquest of China.
Yuan dynasty (1271–1368 CE): Kublai Khan proclaimed the Yuan dynasty, the first time all of China was ruled by a non-Han dynasty.
Jin dynasty (Jurchen) (1115–1234 CE): The Jurchen leader Aguda founded the Jin, which destroyed the Liao and conquered northern China from the Song.
Zhu Xi (1130 CE – 1200 CE): Song philosopher whose synthesis of Neo-Confucianism became the orthodoxy of the imperial examinations.