Nanjing

City · 495 BCE · in Central Asia

Capital of Eastern Wu (229–265), Southern Tang (960–976), Ming Dynasty (1375–1644), and 2 more.

Delhi (501 BCE): Capital of Mamluk Dynasty (1210–1290), Khalji Dynasty (1294–1320), Tughlaq Dynasty (1326–1413), and 4 more.
Bordeaux (501 BCE): Capital of Duchy of Gascony (768–1065).
Khiva (502 BCE): Capital of Khanate of Khiva (1512–1919).
Seuthopolis (c. 450–338 BCE): Capital of Odrysian Kingdom (450 BCE–338 BCE).
Pasargadae (c. 550–330 BCE): Capital of Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
Ecbatana (c. 550 BCE – c. 1800 CE): Capital of Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
Tangier (402 BCE): Capital of Tangier International Zone (1924–1956).
Volubilis (400 BCE – 1710 CE): Capital of Mauretania (212 BCE–42), Idrisids (793–974).
Ujjain (c. 600 BCE – c. 405 CE): Capital of Janapada of Avanti (600 BCE–405 BCE), Western Satraps (43–405).
Mathura (c. 600 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Surasena (600 BCE–405 BCE).

Around the same time and place

Confucius (551 BCE – 479 BCE): Philosopher and teacher from the state of Lu whose ideas on ethics, family and government became the foundation of Confucianism.
Zhou dynasty (1,046–256 BCE): The longest-lasting Chinese dynasty, whose rulers claimed the Mandate of Heaven; real power declined after the move east in 771 BCE.
The Art of War (c. 500 BCE): Military treatise attributed to Sun Tzu, a general associated with the state of Wu; it remains one of the most influential works on strategy.
Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BCE): Era of the Eastern Zhou in which rival states jostled for hegemony, named after the chronicle of the state of Lu.
Warring States period (475–221 BCE): Era of intense warfare among seven major states, marked by bureaucratic reform, iron technology and flourishing philosophy, ended by Qin unification.
Sword of Goujian (c. 500 BCE): Bronze sword inscribed as belonging to King Goujian of Yue, found in 1965 in a tomb at Jiangling in Hubei, remarkably free of tarnish; now in the Hubei Provincial Museum.
Mozi (c. 470 BCE – 391 BCE): Philosopher who founded Mohism, advocating impartial care, opposition to offensive war and meritocratic government.
Ying (c. 701–224 BCE): Capital of Chu (701 BCE–224 BCE).