Paytakaran

City · c. 638 CE · in Europe

Capital of Balasagan (638–646).

Sari (c. 644 CE): Capital of Dabuyid Dynasty (644–756).
Fuman (c. 644 CE): Capital of Dabuyid Dynasty (644–756).
Srinagar (c. 625 CE): Capital of Karkota Dynasty (625–859), Kashmiri Sultanate (1344–1586), Kashmir and Jammu (1846–1947).
Lhasa (c. 623 CE): Capital of Tibetan Empire (623–842), Khoshut Khanate (1650–1695).
Devín (c. 623 CE): Capital of Samo's Empire (623–658).
Kufa (c. 656 CE): Capital of Rashidun Caliphate (656–661).
Lamphun (c. 661 CE): Capital of Haripuñjaya (661–1292).
Maria Saal (c. 661 CE): Capital of Carantania (661–749).
Isca Dumnoniorum (c. 602 CE): Capital of Dumnonia (602–709).
Karnasuvarna (c. 602–611 CE): Capital of Gauda Kingdom (602–611).

Around the same time and place

Uruk (c. 5,000 BCE – c. 700 CE): Sumerian city on the Euphrates that by about 3100 BCE was probably the largest city in the world, centre of the first urban civilization.
Battle of the Yarmuk (636 CE): Arab Muslim armies decisively defeated the Byzantine army near the Yarmuk River, opening the Levant to the Muslim conquest.
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE): Mu'awiya I founded the Umayyad Caliphate with its capital at Damascus; it extended Muslim rule from Iberia to Central Asia.
Battle of Karbala (680 CE): Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad, and his small party were killed by Umayyad forces at Karbala, an event central to Shia Islam and commemorated on Ashura.
Ctesiphon (c. 239 BCE – c. 637 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).
Battle of al-Qadisiyyah (c. 636 CE): Arab Muslim forces defeated the Sasanian army near al-Qadisiyyah in Iraq, opening Mesopotamia and the capital Ctesiphon to conquest.
Muslim conquest of Transoxiana (673–751 CE): Arab campaigns that brought Bukhara, Samarkand and the lands beyond the Oxus under Umayyad and then Abbasid rule.