Lhasa

City · c. 623 CE · in South Asia

Capital of Tibetan Empire (623–842), Khoshut Khanate (1650–1695).

Devín (c. 623 CE): Capital of Samo's Empire (623–658).
Srinagar (c. 625 CE): Capital of Karkota Dynasty (625–859), Kashmiri Sultanate (1344–1586), Kashmir and Jammu (1846–1947).
Paytakaran (c. 638 CE): Capital of Balasagan (638–646).
Isca Dumnoniorum (c. 602 CE): Capital of Dumnonia (602–709).
Karnasuvarna (c. 602–611 CE): Capital of Gauda Kingdom (602–611).
Sari (c. 644 CE): Capital of Dabuyid Dynasty (644–756).
Fuman (c. 644 CE): Capital of Dabuyid Dynasty (644–756).
Edinburgh (601 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Scotland (1452–1608).
Carlisle (c. 592 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Rheged (592–646).
Madurai (c. 592 CE): Capital of Pandya Dynasty (592–921), Pandya Empire (1216–1325).

Around the same time and place

Xuanzang’s journey to India (629–645 CE): The Buddhist monk Xuanzang left Chang’an without imperial permission, crossed Central Asia to study at Nalanda in India, and returned with hundreds of texts; his Great Tang Records on the Western Regions describe the lands he visited.
Bagan (200–1293 CE): Capital of Pagan Kingdom (850–1293).
Chaturanga (c. 600 CE): Board game from Gupta-era India, attested by the 7th century, that is the common ancestor of chess, shogi and xiangqi.
Songtsen Gampo (c. 605 CE – 649 CE): King who unified Tibet, moved the capital to Lhasa and is credited with introducing Buddhism and writing.
Tibetan Empire (c. 618–842 CE): Empire founded by the Yarlung dynasty that dominated the Tibetan Plateau and at times much of Central Asia.
Harsha (c. 590 CE – 647 CE): Emperor who ruled much of northern India from Kannauj; his court was described by the poet Bana and the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang.
Jokhang (c. 647 CE): Temple in Lhasa founded under Songtsen Gampo, the most sacred site in Tibetan Buddhism.
Lamphun (c. 661 CE): Capital of Haripuñjaya (661–1292).