Srinagar

City · c. 625 CE · in South Asia

Capital of Karkota Dynasty (625–859), Kashmiri Sultanate (1344–1586), Kashmir and Jammu (1846–1947).

Lhasa (c. 623 CE): Capital of Tibetan Empire (623–842), Khoshut Khanate (1650–1695).
Devín (c. 623 CE): Capital of Samo's Empire (623–658).
Paytakaran (c. 638 CE): Capital of Balasagan (638–646).
Sari (c. 644 CE): Capital of Dabuyid Dynasty (644–756).
Fuman (c. 644 CE): Capital of Dabuyid Dynasty (644–756).
Isca Dumnoniorum (c. 602 CE): Capital of Dumnonia (602–709).
Karnasuvarna (c. 602–611 CE): Capital of Gauda Kingdom (602–611).
Edinburgh (601 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Scotland (1452–1608).
Kufa (c. 656 CE): Capital of Rashidun Caliphate (656–661).
Carlisle (c. 592 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Rheged (592–646).

Around the same time and place

Silk Road (c. 130 BCE – c. 1450 CE): A network of overland caravan routes linking China with Central Asia, Persia and the Mediterranean, along which silk, spices, horses, religions, technologies and diseases travelled for more than 1,500 years.
Zero as a number (628 CE): In his Brahmasphutasiddhanta of 628, Brahmagupta treated zero as a number in its own right and set out rules for calculating with it.
Xuanzang’s journey to India (629–645 CE): The Buddhist monk Xuanzang left Chang’an without imperial permission, crossed Central Asia to study at Nalanda in India, and returned with hundreds of texts; his Great Tang Records on the Western Regions describe the lands he visited.
Sogdians (c. 500 BCE – c. 900 CE): Iranian people of the Zeravshan valley around Samarkand and Bukhara whose merchants dominated trade along the Silk Roads, especially between the 4th and 8th centuries.
Brahmagupta (c. 598 CE – 668 CE): Mathematician and astronomer from Bhillamala in Rajasthan who gave the first rules for arithmetic with zero and negative numbers.
Chaturanga (c. 600 CE): Board game from Gupta-era India, attested by the 7th century, that is the common ancestor of chess, shogi and xiangqi.
Muslim conquest of Transoxiana (673–751 CE): Arab campaigns that brought Bukhara, Samarkand and the lands beyond the Oxus under Umayyad and then Abbasid rule.
Suyab (c. 555–749 CE): Capital of Göktürk Khaganate (555–586), Türgesh (704–749).