Edinburgh

City · 601 CE · in Europe

Capital of Kingdom of Scotland (1452–1608).

Isca Dumnoniorum (c. 602 CE): Capital of Dumnonia (602–709).
Karnasuvarna (c. 602–611 CE): Capital of Gauda Kingdom (602–611).
Carlisle (c. 592 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Rheged (592–646).
Madurai (c. 592 CE): Capital of Pandya Dynasty (592–921), Pandya Empire (1216–1325).
Criccieth (c. 592 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Dunoting (592–625).
Ordu-Baliq (c. 587–840 CE): Capital of Eastern Göktürks (587–632), Western Göktürks (587–657), Uyghur Khaganate (750–840).
Lhasa (c. 623 CE): Capital of Tibetan Empire (623–842), Khoshut Khanate (1650–1695).
Devín (c. 623 CE): Capital of Samo's Empire (623–658).
Lucca (c. 577 CE): Capital of Duchy of Tuscia (577–586).
Benevento (c. 577 CE): Capital of Duchy of Benevento (577–1081).

Around the same time and place

Trier (16 BCE – 1618 CE): Capital of Electorate of Trier (1333–1618).
Worcester (c. 577 CE): Capital of Hwicce (577–627).
Staffordshire Hoard (c. 650 CE): The largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold and silver metalwork ever found, with more than 3,500 pieces, mostly fittings from weapons. Buried in the 7th century in Mercia, it was found near Hammerwich in 2009.
Bamburgh (c. 555 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Bernicia (555–633).
Founding of Iona Abbey (563 CE): Monastery founded by the Irish monk Columba on Iona, which became a centre of Celtic Christianity and missionary work in Scotland.
Sutton Hoo ship burial (c. 625 CE): Anglo-Saxon ship burial in Suffolk, probably of King Rædwald of East Anglia, containing the famous Sutton Hoo helmet.