Kahramanmaras

City · c. 1344 CE · in Europe

Capital of Beylik of Dulkadir (1344–1515).

Herat (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Kartids (1344–1381), Timurid Empire (1405–1507).
Shiraz (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Injuids (1344–1357).
Elbistan (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Beylik of Dulkadir (1344–1515).
Vijayanagara (c. 1344–1571 CE): Capital of Vijayanagara Empire (1344–1571).
Thatta (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Sind-Samma Dynasty (1344–1520).
Vellore (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Vijayanagara Empire (1344–1571).
Baramulla (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Kashmiri Sultanate (1344–1587).
Penukonda (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Vijayanagara Empire (1344–1571).
Chandragiri (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Vijayanagara Empire (1344–1571).
Manama (1345 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Bahrain (1973–today).

Around the same time and place

Founding of the Ottoman state (c. 1299 CE): Osman I, leader of a Turkish principality in northwestern Anatolia, founded the dynasty whose state grew into the Ottoman Empire, which lasted until 1922.
Knights Templar (c. 1119–1312 CE): Hugues de Payens and fellow knights founded this military order in Jerusalem around 1119 to protect pilgrims, with headquarters on the Temple Mount. It grew rich and powerful until Pope Clement V dissolved it in 1312 under pressure from Philip IV of France.
Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).
Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517 CE): Mamluk slave-soldiers seized power in Egypt, founding a sultanate that ruled Egypt and Syria until the Ottoman conquest.
Tabriz (c. 1294 CE): Capital of Ilkhanate (1294–1335), Chobanids (1344–1357), Jalayirid Sultanate (1358–1388), and 2 more.
Kütahya (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Germiyanids (1305–1429).
Balikesir (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Beylik of Karasi (1305–1343).
Karaman (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Beylik of Karaman (1305–1467).